Chapter+18+The+West

__ Abstract:  __ The period of 1860 to 1900 was a period of growth and much expansion out west. However, not everything that was told about the west was necessarily true. Much of what people believe to be true is actually a fabrication in order to make the west seem more exciting. These myths were designed to talk about 5 distinct groups: the miners, cowboys, farmers, Native Americans, and big business. These groups as well as the legends surrounding them bring about the fascination that is the west. __ Chapter Outline:  __ **__ Indians __** o Oregon Trail § Helped westward expansion for whites § Kept pushing Native Americans back o Indian Removal Act 1830 § Provides funds to relocate Indians o Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia § Fought against laws passed by the state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries § Case not heard because Cherokees were not considered in the jurisdiction of Georgia o Bureau of Indian Affairs § Help U.S. gov’t provide guidance o Reservation lands constantly were shrunk o Medicine Log Treaty-1867 § Set up reservation lands § Limited land and Indians struggled to survive o Heavily relied on buffalo § Whites shot for game to shrink Indian population Indian Wars § Sand Creek Massacre-1864 o Cheyenne women, children, and men were slaughtered § Great Sioux War-1865-67 o Resulted in Sioux victory o Treaty of Fort Laramie § Give Sioux Black Hills Region § Treaty quickly broken when General Custard finds gold in region o Little Big Horn § Custer gets defeated § End when Geronimo surrendered in 1886 The Nez Perce § Led by Chief Joseph § Helped whites until they demanded 9/10th of their land § Tried to run to Canada but surrendered just 30 miles away from boarder because they were trapped Transformation of Indians § Helen Hunt Jackson o // A Century of Dishonor // § Described mistreatment of Indians § Dawes Severalty Act o Gave land and citizenship to individual Indians broken away from there tribes § “Indian Schools”- Assimilation Schools § Ghost Dance o Spiritual dance but whites took it as a threat § Wounded Knee o Massacre of Sioux Indian **__ Mining __** § Gold Rush-1848 o Quick way to strike it rich but very few did § The Comstock Lode o Workers rioted to prevent hiring of Chinese § The Anaconda Copper Mining Company § Miners formed strongest unions in the west in late 1800s § Boomtowns o Towns that sprung up where mine were constructed and abandoned once the mine was gone § Hydraulic Mining o Ripped away at the earth o Very effective method of mining § Caminetti Act o State has power to regulate mines **__ Mormons __** § Founder Joseph Smith o Brigham Young took over and brought followers to Utah because of prosecution o United States vs. Reynolds § Outlawed the practice of polygamy o Edmunds Act § Disenfranchised the practice and belief of polygamy **__ The Southwest __** **__ Cattle Industry __** § Cowboys o Chisholm Trail o Vaqueros § Mexican cowboys o Cattle towns § Towns that were built around railroads where the cowboys’ cattle drives would end o Tension between farmers and Cowboys because of barb wire fences § Nat Love o African American Cowboy § Myths o Cowboys and Indians fought a lot § This myth came out of Buffalo Bills Wild West Show **__ Farming __** § Barbed wire fenced land so cattle would ruin crops § Homestead Act o Give 160 acres of land to any white settler who would farm it for 5 yrs. **__ Business __** § Railroad o Made life easier § to move out west § Move materials like gold and food o Transcontinental Railroad § Banking o Banks exchanged cash for gold etc. __ Key Terms __** :  ** People: Places: Events: Legislation:  · ** Medicine Lodge Treaty – **Designed to bring peace to the plains by relocating Indians to reservations.  · ** Treaty of Ft. Laramie – **Guarantees the Black Hills to the Sioux.  · ** Dawes Severalty Act – ** Divided western land between Indians and settlers/ business. Part of Assimilation attempt by the government. Also reduced Indian reservation lands by more than 50%.  · ** Homestead Act – ** Offered free land to any settler who farmed the land for 5 years.  · ** Morrill Act – ** funding for land-grant agricultural colleges.  · ** U.S. **** vs. Reynolds/ Edmunds Act ** – Outlawed Polygamy.  · ** Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 **– Ban on Chinese immigration. Related to mining  · ** Pacific Railway Act **– Granted land to Union and Central Pacific Railroads to build the transcontinental railroad.
 * __ Chapter 18: The West  __ **
 * Mexican American War
 *  Ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 * Gadsden Purchase
 *  U.S. gain all land North of Rio Grande
 * Tenant Farming
 *  Many farmers went into debt so had to work on tenant farms
 * New Tech
 *  John Deere’s singing plow
 *  McCormick’s Reaper
 *  Harvester
 * Morrill Act of 1862
 *  Land grants to colleges
 *  Free land if college had agricultural programs
 * National Reclamation Act
 * <span style="color: black; 0in margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"> Provided irrigation systems
 * Forest Service & Forest Management Act
 * <span style="color: black; 0in margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo6; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"> Set up national forest reseves
 * ** Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse ** – Indian warriors and leaders involved in Custer’s Last Stand and the battle of Little Big Horn.
 * ** General George Custer **– Leader of U.S. 7th Cavalry.
 * ** Chief Joseph **– Leader of the Nez Perce
 * ** Wovoka ** – Paiute spiritual leader and creator of the Ghost dance.
 * ** Helen Hunt Jackson **– Author of // A Century of Dishonor //.
 * ** Levi Strauss **– Invented jeans.
 * ** Forty-niners ** – Nickname for the miners who flooded to California in 1849 in search of gold.
 * ** Donner Party ** – Group of American pioneers who, while traveling to California, had to resort to cannibalism to survive.
 * ** Cyrus McCormick **– Invented the mechanical reaper.
 * ** John Deer **– Invented the first commercially successful steel plow.
 * ** Exodusters **– Nickname for African Americans who fled west to escape Reconstruction in the South.
 * ** Brigham Young **– Mormon leader
 * ** Carlisle **** Indian School **** – **School where kidnapped Indian children where taken to be assimilated.
 * ** Sutter’s Mill – ** Birthplace of the California gold rush.
 * ** Boomtowns and Ghost towns – ** A Boomtown was a town created by people following miners at sites of gold discovery. Ghost towns where what these towns became once the minerals had been extracted and the miners left.
 * ** Black Hills **** – ** Site was guaranteed to the Sioux through the Ft. Laramie treaty but then later invaded by the US leading to the Battle of Little Big Horn.
 * ** Promontory Point ****, Utah **** – ** Site of the completion of the transcontinental railroad.
 * ** Custer’s Last Stand/ Battle of Little Bighorn – **Battle between General Custer’s 7th Cavalry and various tribes.
 * ** Wounded Knee **** Massacre – ** Massacre of Sioux Indians near Wounded Knee creek by the US 7th cavalry.
 * ** Sand Creek Massacre – ** Unprovoked massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians by the US.
 * ** California **** Gold Rush – ** lasting from 1848 to 1855, in the process drawing out thousands of settlers and gold seekers westward.