Chapter+9+An+Agrarian+Republic,+1790-1824

** Chapter 9: An Agrarian Republic ** >> >>  >>    **II.** **America’s Economy** >>  **III.** **Thomas Jefferson** >  >>     **IV.** **Rivalry and War**  **V.** **Creating America**  ** *Timeline* **
 *  I. ** **The Growth of America**
 * 1800-1850; burst into territorial expansion
 * Travel was difficult
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Population grew from 3.9 million to 5.3 million between 1790 and 1800
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Fur trade, settlements, conflicts, robberies, settlement in Alaska
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Conflict with Aleut and Inuit people
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Aleut Revolt__-** Aleuts destroyed fleet of Russian ships, series of attacks
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Promyshleniki__-** Russian and Siberian fur trappers, regular visitors to Aleutian Islands and Alaskan coast
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Over hunting of furs, scarcity
 * First Settlement - Kodiak Island
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Spain wanted to claim Pacific Coast, feared threats to its New World empire from other nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Competition between Britain and Russia
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Effort to protect rich colony in Mexico
 * Mestizo population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">New Orleans controlled by French until 1763 (Seven Years War), switched to Spanish; diverse
 * Freed blacks were given legal equality to whites
 * International ports (exporting & importing)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Trade continued up through the Mississippi River
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Pinckney’s 1795 Treaty with Spain__ - ** guaranteed American’s free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right to deposit goods at the port of New Orleans
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"> Appalachian area; greatest area of growth
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Kentucky (1792) & Tennessee (1796); 1st states admitted to Union because of population
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Migration was popular*
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Cincinnati; military fort that would protect against Indians, also known as “The Queen City of the West”
 * Fallen Timbers battle broke Indian resistance, which led to immigration (safety)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Atlantic seaports; led nation socially, politically and economically
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Charleston-multicultural, center for slave trade until 1808
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Baltimore-tobacco
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Philadelphia-commercial and banking skills of Quaker merchants
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">New York City-shipping, banking, insurance, and supporting industries boomed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Boston-cockpit of American Revolution, commercial wealth diversified into shipbuilding and shipping, banking and insurance
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Production of raw materials (U.S. - rural and agricultural)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">South:
 * Commercial and international plantation agriculture
 * Tobacco trade declined
 * Demand for cotton grew rapidly because of textiles
 * French Revolution
 * Initiated 25 years of warfare between Britain and France
 * U.S. traded neutrally between Britain and France
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Coastal cities grew because of the advances in ships
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Active American participation in international trade fostered a strong and diversified ship building industry
 * Ships went to Europe and back with goods, improving America’s economy
 * Set up trade routes with China
 * Third president of the U.S.
 * Walked to the unfinished Capitol on March 4, 1781
 * Rejected elaborate styles of two past presidents (Washington, Adams)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Election marked the transition from a Federalistic government to a Democratic government
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Opposed industrialization
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Wanted to reverse Federalist policies and ensue an agrarian “republic of virtue”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Virginia Dynasty__-** 4 of the first 5 presidents were from Virginia; John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Expansionism had negative aspects; unstable communities, environmental damage, ruthlessness toward the Indians
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Judiciary Act__-** repealed, depriving the new judges of their jobs
 * Sixteen new judges, 6 courts
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Louisiana purchase__:**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Napoleon wanted the Louisiana Territory to regain Canada from Britain
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Jefferson feared that the French control would threaten the growing America trade on Mississippi River
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans for $2 mil.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Napoleon offered entire Louisiana Territory for $15 mil. U.S. doubles overnight! admitted to union in 1812
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Issue on treating the French and Spa<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">in inhabitants of Louisiana Territory
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Strange boundary between Mexico and Louisiana Territory
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Marbury vs. Madison __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">- **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> William Marbury, sued James Madison to recover position he had lost
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> John Marshall - Judicial Review (Constitutionality of laws)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;"> Favored federal government over state government
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Election of 1804__-** Federalist Charles Cotesworth Pinckney lost to Jefferson
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Inaugural Address 1801__-** foreign policy of “peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none” idea
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Britain had conflicts with France
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Leopard vs. Chesapeake; deaths of 3 men, 18 wounded
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Non-Importation Act__-** boycott on British goods, failed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Embargo Act__** (December 1807)- forbade American ships from sailing to any foreign port, cutting off all exports and imports, deprived France and Britain of American goods, drove America into a deep depression, Congress admits failure in 1809 and repeals the act
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Jefferson-end of second term as president
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Macon____’s Bill #2 in 1810__-** unsuccessfully attempted to prohibit trade with Britain and France
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Five civilized tribes; Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, and Seminoles
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Indian Intercourse Act 1790__-** U.S. could not seize Indian land, only by treaty
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Treaty of Fort Wayne 1809__-** U.S. gained 3 mil. acres of Delaware and Potawatomi land in Indiana
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Jefferson believed in coexistence and acculturation, solve dilemma of expansion
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Indians threatened by western expansion
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">White encroachment
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">15 treaties created by William Henry Harrison, gov. of Indiana Territory, opened land to white settlement and forced Indians into smaller reservations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Prophet- Tenskwatawa, preached a message of Indian revitalization, and an end to violence
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Indians promoted active resistance, huge Indian threat
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">War Hawks- young Democratic Republicans from the West & South, found all aspects of British interference intolerable
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__War of 1812__-** U.S. entered, struggle for them
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Red Sticks- allied with British and Spanish to fight against Americans and other Indian groups in the War of 1812
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">New England threatened to secede from Union
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">__**Treaty of Ghent - **__ peace treaty, inconclusive, issues of impressment and neutral rights
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Era of Good Feelings, found politicians in agreement on nat’l agenda
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">End of War of 1812, westward surge to Mississippi River, population increased
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Treaty of Fort Jackson__ - ** threat to settlers posed by Tecumseh’s alliance was removed
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Land Ordinance 1785__-** priced western lands too high for all but speculators and wealthy
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Land Act 1820__-** price of western lands decreased, liberal land law
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">4 major migration routes; Mohawk and Genesee Tpke, tpke from Philly to Pittsburg, Nat’l Road, Wilderness Road, Federal Road, better transportation to the west
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Second Great Awakening__-** began in 1790s, religious, spread through entire country, organized religion was an important institution
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Election of 1816__-** James Monroe wins against Rufus King, Federalist; end of Federalists, triumph of Democratic Republicans
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Monroe; wanted nat’l unity, followed Madison’s ideas
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Second Bank of the U.S.- chartered by Congress in 1816 in Philly, provided large scale financing that the smaller state banks could not handle and create a strong nat’l currency
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Tariff of 1816- 1st substantial protective tariff in American history
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__John Quincy Adams__-** sec. state, fixed border between U.S. and Canada
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Monroe Doctrine__-** called for end of colonization of Western Hemisphere by European nations
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Transcontinental Treaty 1819__**- Adam’s major diplomatic accomplishment, wrestled concessions from faltering Spanish empire; success, spur to expansionism and highlighted Americans’ growing confidence in foreign affairs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Panic of 1819__**- forced Americans to come to terms with their economic place in a peaceful world
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Relief act 1821 extended payment period for western lands
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">European farm production recovered from the wars
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">American farmers and shippers suffered; international demand for American products declined
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**__Missouri C____ompromise/Northwest Ordinance 1787__-** maintained balance between free and slave states, banned slavery in northern section of trans-Appalachia
 * 1790s:** Second Great Awakening begins
 * 1800:** Thomas Jefferson elected president
 * 1802:** Russian-American Company Headquarters established at Sitka, Alaska
 * 1803:** Louisianna Purchase, Marbury vs. Madison, Ohio admitted to Union
 * 1804:** Lewis and Clark expedition begins, Thomas Jefferson re-elected, Russians re-establish Sitka
 * 1807:** Chesapeake-Leopard incident, Embargo Act
 * 1808:** James Madison elected
 * 1809:** Tecumseh forms military alliance among Northwest Confederacy peoples
 * 1811:** Battle of Tippecanoe
 * 1812:** War of 1812 begins, James Madison reelected, Louisianna admitted to Union
 * 1814:** Hartford Convention, Treaty of Ghent
 * 1815:** Battle of New Orleans
 * 1816:** James Monroe elected president, Congress charters Second Bank of US, Indiana admitted to Union
 * 1817:** Mississippi admitted Union
 * 1818:** Illonois admitted to Union, Andrew Jackson invades FL
 * 1819:** Panic of 1819, Adams-Onis Treaty, Alabama admitted to Union
 * 1819-20:** Missouri Crisis and Compromise
 * 1820:** James Monroe reelected president, Maine admitted to Union
 * 1821:** Missouri admitted to Union as slave state
 * 1823:** Monroe Doctrine