Chapter+6+From+Empire+to+Independence,+1750-1776

 Chapter 6: Empire to Independence

//__Main Ideas- 1. The Seven Years War 2. The Imperial Crisis in British North America 3. "Save Your Money and Save Your Country" 4. From Resistance to Rebellion 5. Deciding for Independence

The Seven Years War in America- __//  ·  Pitted Britain allied with Prussia against the combined might of France, Austria, Russia and Spain.  ·  Also known as the French and Indian war in America  ·  The final and most destructive of the armed conflicts between the British and the French before the French Revolution. The Albany Conference of 1754-  ·  Officials of the British Board of Trade wanted the colonies to consider a collective response to the continuing conflict between the French and the Indians. Benjamin Franklin’s Plan of Union -  · P  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">roposed that Indian affairs, western settlement, and other items of mutual interest to all the colonies be placed under the authorities of a grand council composed of representatives elected by the colonial assemblies and led by a royally by the president.- Rejected <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Frontier Warfare- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Two regiments under Edward Braddock were sent across the Atlantic in 1755 to attack and destroy Fort Duquesne.- Forces were destroyed by a smaller force of French and Indians on the upper Ohio and Braddock was killed <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Seven Years War Begins-Full scale warfare between British and French <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Colonel George Washington- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · A  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> young militia officer from Virginia was forced to surrender his troops to a French force. – delegates heard this at the Albany Congress <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">The Acadian expulsion <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Forcible removal of approx. 10,000 Acadians, who sold their farms at cheap prices to immigrants from New England. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Acadians came to be known as Cajuns who settled in Louisiana. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Conquest of Canada- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Conquest of Canada and elimination of the French in North America <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Regular and Provincial forces captured Louisburg in 1758, setting the stage for the penetration of the St. Lawrence Valley. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">French forced to give up Fort Duquesne after New Englanders captured fort Oswego. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">British took control of Quebec and then Montreal which completed the destruction of the French Empire in America.

<span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">William Pitt <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · A  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">n enthusiast advocate of British Expansion became prime minister in 1757- bought colonial cooperation <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Treaty of Paris- 1763- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">France lost all its possessions on the North American mainland. Ceded its claims of the Mississippi to Great Britain with the exception of New Orleans. All lands of the west of the Mississippi went to Spain- catholic monarch. Spain ceded Florida to Britain but received Caribbean and Pacific colonies. Total Victory for Great Britain. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Indians and Europeans Struggle over the West- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">General Jeffery Amherst-banned the gift giving of presents to Indian chiefs and tribes demanding that they learn to live w/o charity. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Neolin- the enlightened one- told the Indians that they had been corrupted by European ways and that they needed to purify themselves by returning to their traditions and preparing for a holy war. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Pontiac <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · R  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">enowned orator and political leader led an uprising on British forts in the West. Raids in the backcountry killing 2,000 settlers. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Proclamation of 1763 <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · T  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">he British government set terms for continuing British policy towards Indians. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Paxton Boys <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Pennsylvanians who butchered twenty Indian men, women, and children at the small village of Conestoga. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Treaty of Hard Labor <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- 1768- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Cherokees ceded a vast tract on the waters if the upper Tennessee River. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Treaty of Fort Stanwix <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Iroquois gave up their claim to the Ohio Valley. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;"> Dunmore’s War <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Dunmore vs. Shawnee- after defeating them he forced their cession of the upper Ohio River Valley to Virginia. //__<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Imperial Crisis in British North America __// <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Emergence of American Nationalism <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Many colonists were proud of their place in the British empire <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">British viewed colonists as dirt it was said that they wanted to impose slavery on them. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Many colonists ventured out of their homes for the first time. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·    <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: #ecf0c1;"> The weekly newspaper was an important mean of communication. In most cases it talked of intercolonial affairs.

<span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Political, Republicanism, and the Press <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Royal Governors had struggled with colonies assemblies over their respective powers, and this was printed in newspapers. Writers such as John Trenchard, Thomas Gordon, John Locke, Alexander Pope, and Jonathan Swift warned of the growing threat to liberty posed by the unchecked exercise of power. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Republicanism declared that the truly just society provided the greatest possible liberty to individuals. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Sugar and Stamp Acts <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Sugar Act <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Placed a prohibitive duty on sugar imported into the colonies and revitalized the custom service, stricter registration procedures for ships and added more officers. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Stuck only merchants <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Stamp Act <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · R  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">equired the purchase of specially embossed paper for all newspapers, legal documents, ,licenses, insurance policies, ship’s papers, and even dice and playing cards. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Came during a period of economic stagnation <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Stamp Act Crisis <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Virtual representation- members of the parliament represented all citizens of the empire <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Considerations on the Property of Imposing Taxes- Daniel Dulany, said Americans were members of a separate political community so Parliament could not impose a tax on them. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">No taxation w/o representation <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Loyall Nine- Samuel Adams- Anti-British Alliance that spanned Boston’s social classes <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Sons of Liberty encouraged moderate forms of protest <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Stamp Act Congress- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · P  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">assed a set of resolutions denying Parliament’s right to tax the colonists, since taxation depended on representation <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Stamp Act was eventually enforced. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Repeal of the Stamp Act <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Lord Rockingham opposed the Stamp Act. //__<span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“Save Your Money and Save Your Country” __// <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Declaratory Act <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · P  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">laced new duties on imported goods, and the American opposition again adopted the tactic of nonimportation <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Townshend Revenue Acts <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Charles Townshend became prime minister <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Townshend Revenue <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> Acts - <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">provided for the collection of an external tax, a duty imposed on goods at the customhouse, in colonial ports, before they entered colonial markets. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Nonimportation: An Early Political Boycott <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Economy would flourish with the consumer spending of American goods <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Virginia House of Burgesses banned the importation of goods enumerated in the Townshend Revenue Acts, and slaves and luxury commodities as well. <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Massachusetts Circular Letter <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Massachusetts Circular Letter denounced the Townshend Acts, attacking the British plan to make royal officials independent of colonial assemblies and urged the colonies to harmonize with each other <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">The Politics of Revolt and the Boston Massacre <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Liberty poles- festooned with banners and flags proclaiming their cause <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Boston Massacre <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · F  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">rightened soldiers shot guns and 5 died altogether <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">On the same day Parliament repealed most of the Townshend Revenue Acts //__<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">From Resistance to Rebellion __// <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Intercolonial Cooperation <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">First Committee of Correspondence <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Boston Pamphlet- a series of declarations written by Samuel Adams and other radicals concluding the British encroachments on colonial rights were signs of a plot to enclave Americans. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">The Boston Tea Party <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Tea Act <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> · G  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">ave the British east India company a monopoly on all tea imports to America, hitting at American merchants <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Sons of liberty and many others disguised themselves as Indians and dumped 45 tons of tea into the Boston Harbor <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">The Intolerable Acts <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">__Boston Port Bill__- closed Boston harbor <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">__Massachusetts Government Act__- annulled the Massachusetts colonial charter <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">__Administration of Justice Act__- protected British officials from colonial courts by sending them home for trial if arrested <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">__Quartering act__- legalized the housing of British troops in private homes <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">__Quebec Act__- created a highly centralized government for Canada. <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">The First Continental Congress <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Passed the Declaration and resovles- asserted that all the colonists sprang from a common tradition and enjoyed rights guaranteed by the immutable laws of nature, the principles of the English constitution, and several charters of compacts <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Democratically elected local committees in each community had important political ramifications <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Lexington and Concord <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Gage ordered 700 men to capture the store of American ammunition at the town of Concord <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Concord- the British marched on to Concord, where they burned a small quantity of supplies and cut down a liberty pole. //__<span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Deciding for Independence __// <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">The Second Continental Congress- <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Represented twelve of the British colonies on the mainland of North America <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Put the colonies in a state of defense <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Made the continental army- Washington was name commander and chief of all forces <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Fighting in the North and South <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Americans invaded Canada <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">No Turning Back <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">Common Sense <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">- <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Thomas Paine- he placed the blame for the oppression of the colonists on the shoulders of king George <span style="font-size: 8pt; background: yellow; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-highlight: yellow;">The Declaration of Independence <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Supported by most of the colonies <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-size: 8pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> - The name used by advocates of Colonial Resistance to British measures during the 1760's-1770's <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">