Chapter+22+World+War+I

World War I      World War I was the first Great War of the modern world and involved the majority of Europe and later the United States. The war began in 1915 with Germany declaring war on Great Britain yet the United States chose to stay out of the war, standing by isolationism. Many wanted the United States to join the war following the sinking of the American cruise ship, The Lusitania, and other unrestricted naval warfare done by the German submarines. Following multiple requests from other countries, the people of the United States and other factors including the Zimmerman telegram the US declared war on the Central powers in 1917. The Zimmerman Telegram, sent in 1917, was a request by Germany asking Mexico to declare war and invade the United States. Following the declaration of war President Wilson passed many people and set up programs such as the Selective Service Act, Espionage Act, and the War Industries Board. Also food rations were set up in order to save food for the soldiers overseas. Another important event in 1917 was the Russian Revolution later leading to the takeover of the communist government in Russia. In 1918 the war ends in November and Wilson goes to Versailles to present his fourteen points. His fourteen points includes plan to reduce punishment to the Germans and to have a League of Nations to be set up. The only plan to be accepted was the League of Nations. ** Key Terms and Vocab  ** ** John Pershing **, General of American forces during WWI ** Triple Alliance/Entente ** - Britain, France and Russia ** Lusitania **, British ship sunk by German sub. Carried American passengers. ** Zimmerman Note **, Telegram intercepted from Germany that promised Mexico a return of its taken lands if they declared war on the U.S. One reason US entered the war ** Selective Service Act **, - enabled the Gov. to create a Draft to enlist soldiers. ** American Expeditionary Force **, troops sent to fight in WWI ** National War Labor Board,  **arbitrated disputes between workers and employers in order to ensure labor reliability and productivity during the war. It was disbanded after the war in May, 1919. ** Espionage and Sedition Acts **, prohibited interference with military operations, support America’s enemies. **// Abrams v. US, Debs v. US //**//, **Schenk v. US**, - // Espionage and Sedition acts do not violate freedom of speech when they are a “clear and present danger.” ** Great Migration **, - Movement of African Americans from the south to the north and Midwest to escape racism and to seek out job opportunities ** Wilson’s Fourteen Points ** , There should be an end to all secret diplomacy amongst countries. Freedom of the seas in peace and war The reduction of trade barriers among nations The general reduction of armaments The adjustment of colonial claims in the interest of the inhabitants as well as of the colonial powers The evacuation of Russian territory and a welcome for its government to the society of nations The restoration of Belgian territories in Germany The evacuation of all French territory, including Alsace-Lorraine The readjustment of Italian boundaries along clearly recognizable lines of nationality Independence for various national groups in Austria-Hungary The restoration of the Balkan nations and free access to the sea for Serbia Protection for minorities in Turkey and the free passage of the ships of all nations through the Dardanelles Independence for Poland, including access to the sea A league of nations to protect "mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike." ** Treaty of Versailles ** - Treaty that ended state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. Signed on June 28, 1919. ** Notes  ** When the war begins America declares itself neutral America loans Allied powers money and supplies totaling $2.25 billion while Germany only receives $27 million in loans In March 1917, Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare. Intercepted Zimmerman Note from Germany to Mexico promising to return lands lost during Mex-Am war if Mexico declares war on the US     German U-boats attack three American ships and Wilson ask congress for a declaration of war. Espionage and Sedition acts make it illegal to speak out against the war. Cases like Schenk v. US and Debs v. US establish the acts as constitutional and do not violate freedom of speech. Anti-German discrimination. Frankfurter = Hot Dog. Hamburger = Salisbury Steak. War ends with an armistice on November 11, 1918 Treaty of Versailles sign on June 28, 1919 exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Wilson’s Fourteen Points is voted down in congress